Course Topics

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the backbone of every web page. HTML5 introduced semantic elements that give meaning to content beyond mere presentation, improving both accessibility and search engine optimisation.

<article>
  <header>
    <h1>Web Programming</h1>
  </header>
  <p>Semantic HTML improves accessibility.</p>
</article>

Cascading Style Sheets control the visual presentation of HTML documents. CSS3 brought powerful layout systems, animations, and custom properties that enable sophisticated, responsive design.

:root { --accent: #c96a2e; }

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}

JavaScript is the programming language of the web, enabling dynamic behaviour, real-time updates, and rich user interactions directly in the browser without page reloads.

document.querySelectorAll('.card')
  .forEach(card => {
    card.addEventListener('click', () => {
      card.classList.toggle('active');
    });
  });

Responsive design ensures web pages render well on all devices — from mobile phones to desktop monitors. It uses flexible grids, fluid images, and CSS media queries to adapt layouts.

A web application is only useful when it's accessible. This topic covers the infrastructure side — from DNS and domains to web servers, SSL, and container-based deployment.

Web accessibility ensures that websites are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. The W3C publishes standards (WCAG) that guide developers towards inclusive design.